MICHIGAN (USA)

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Detroit

Mention Michigan and most people think of cars, heavy industry and inner-city Detroit. Midwesterners prefer to focus on its magnificent scenery. The beaches, dunes and cliffs along the 3200-mile shoreline of its two vividly contrasting peninsulas - bordering four of the five Great Lakes - rival many an oceanfront state.

The northern state of Michigan consists of two peninsulas that extend into the Great Lakes, actually touching four out of five of the magnificent bodies of water that contain 80 percent of the United States' fresh water. Michigan's Lower and Upper Peninsulas are divided by Lake Michigan and linked by one of the longest suspension bridges in the world, stretching across the Straits of Mackinac. The long freshwater shoreline, extending for 3,000 miles (4,828km), is also made up of Lake Superior, Lake Huron and Lake Erie. In Michigan you're never more than six miles (10km) from a river or stream, and never more than 85 miles (137km) from one of the Great Lakes. Most of the state is well forested, with the Upper Peninsula home to a variety of wildlife, and boasting trout fishing lodges and winter ski resorts. The southern part of the Lower Peninsula is mainly characterised by rural farmlands and industrialisation, but the west coast offers several popular beach resorts.

With all this water and forest, hunting and fishing are major drawcards for sportsmen to Michigan, but the other main attraction in the state is its large industrial city, Detroit, birthplace of the motor car: the city that put the world on wheels. The legendary names of the original automobile manufacturers like Ford and Chevrolet still resound loudly in Detroit, which offers numerous institutions and attractions paying homage to the car.

Despite being the spot where the development of Michigan began back in 1701, when it was founded as a trading post, Detroit is not the capital. The attractive Victorian State Capitol stands in Lansing, chosen in 1879 for its location in the centre of the Lower Peninsula, which made it less vulnerable to invasion by British forces from Canada. Back then Lansing was but a sawmill settlement, but today it is home to about 128,000 residents and vies with Detroit as a major motor manufacturing centre.

The mitten-shaped Lower Peninsula is dominated from its southeastern corner by the industrial giant of Detroit , surrounded by satellite cities heavily devoted to the automotive industry. In the west, the scenic 350-mile Lake Michigan shore drive passes through likeable little ports before reaching the stunning Sleeping Bear Dunes and resort towns such as Traverse City in the peninsula's balmy northwest corner. The desolate, dramatic and thinly popu lated Upper Peninsula , reaching out from Wisconsin like a claw to separate lakes Superior and Michigan, is a far cry indeed from the cosmopolitan south.

In the mid-seventeenth century, French explorers forged a successful trading relationship with the Chippewa, Ontario and other tribes. The British , who acquired control after 1763, were far more brutal. Governor Henry Hamilton, the "Hair Buyer of Detroit," advocated taking scalps rather than prisoners. Ever since, Michigan's economy has developed in waves, the eighteenth-century fur, timber and copper booms culminating in the state establishing itself at the forefront of the nation's manufacturing capacity, thanks to its abundant raw materials, good transportation links, and the genius of innovators such as Henry Ford . Despite the slumps of the Seventies and Eighties, car production remains the major source of Michigan income - and tourism is now a four-season money-spinner.

It's easy to be daunted by Michigan's sheer size : Detroit is more than seven hundred miles from Ironwood on the Wisconsin border (a ferry between Ludington and Manitowoc, Wisconsin, helps to cut driving time). Greyhound buses run regularly throughout the south, but services elsewhere are less frequent, and those few buses that serve the remote Upper Peninsula travel through at night. Amtrak trains between New York and Chicago stop at Detroit, Dearborn and Ann Arbor; trains into Canada leave from Windsor, just over the river from Detroit. Michigan's principal airport , a hub for Northwest Airlines, is just outside Detroit. Cycling is both feasible and rewarding, particularly with the abundance of bike paths in and around Traverse City; Michigan Bicycle Touring (tel 616/463-5885, ) in Kingsley organizes tours and can help with routes.